.GRADLE File Format – Properties, catalog and wrapper

gradle.properties

A properties file of key=value lines, in the project’s root folder, in the Gradle user home (GRADLE_USER_HOME) or in the Gradle installation (GRADLE_HOME). The user home’s file takes precedence over the project’s, and both over the installation’s; command-line options override them all. Keys with no prefix are project properties, read in scripts with providers.gradleProperty(). A key systemProp.x sets the JVM system property x, and only the root project’s file is checked for these. Gradle’s own keys:

Version catalog: libs.versions.toml

A TOML file, by default gradle/libs.versions.toml, imported automatically; its entries are used in scripts as libs.<alias>.

An alias is made of words separated by - or _; each separator becomes a dot in the script, so ktor-client-core is used as libs.ktor.client.core.

[versions]
junit = "5.10.0"

[libraries]
guava = "com.google.guava:guava:33.0.0-jre"
junit-jupiter = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter", version.ref = "junit" }

[plugins]
example = { id = "com.example.plugin", version = "1.0" }

Wrapper

The wrapper is four files committed with the project: gradlew (shell script for macOS and Linux), gradlew.bat (Windows), gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar (the code that downloads Gradle) and gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties: