An MD2 vertex stores its normal as one byte, lightnormalindex, which picks
one of 162 fixed unit vectors. The engine uses the normal for lighting. The table is not
in the file: it is built into the game, as the file anorms.h in the Quake II
source code, and the same 162 directions are used by Quake’s
MDL models. A value above 161 has no meaning.
The 162 normals
The vectors are x, y, z in Quake’s axes (x forward, y left, z up), exactly as listed in the source.
| Index | x | y | z |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | -0.525731 | 0.000000 | 0.850651 |
| 1 | -0.442863 | 0.238856 | 0.864188 |
| 2 | -0.295242 | 0.000000 | 0.955423 |
| 3 | -0.309017 | 0.500000 | 0.809017 |
| 4 | -0.162460 | 0.262866 | 0.951056 |
| 5 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 1.000000 |
| 6 | 0.000000 | 0.850651 | 0.525731 |
| 7 | -0.147621 | 0.716567 | 0.681718 |
| 8 | 0.147621 | 0.716567 | 0.681718 |
| 9 | 0.000000 | 0.525731 | 0.850651 |
| 10 | 0.309017 | 0.500000 | 0.809017 |
| 11 | 0.525731 | 0.000000 | 0.850651 |
| 12 | 0.295242 | 0.000000 | 0.955423 |
| 13 | 0.442863 | 0.238856 | 0.864188 |
| 14 | 0.162460 | 0.262866 | 0.951056 |
| 15 | -0.681718 | 0.147621 | 0.716567 |
| 16 | -0.809017 | 0.309017 | 0.500000 |
| 17 | -0.587785 | 0.425325 | 0.688191 |
| 18 | -0.850651 | 0.525731 | 0.000000 |
| 19 | -0.864188 | 0.442863 | 0.238856 |
| 20 | -0.716567 | 0.681718 | 0.147621 |
| 21 | -0.688191 | 0.587785 | 0.425325 |
| 22 | -0.500000 | 0.809017 | 0.309017 |
| 23 | -0.238856 | 0.864188 | 0.442863 |
| 24 | -0.425325 | 0.688191 | 0.587785 |
| 25 | -0.716567 | 0.681718 | -0.147621 |
| 26 | -0.500000 | 0.809017 | -0.309017 |
| 27 | -0.525731 | 0.850651 | 0.000000 |
| 28 | 0.000000 | 0.850651 | -0.525731 |
| 29 | -0.238856 | 0.864188 | -0.442863 |
| 30 | 0.000000 | 0.955423 | -0.295242 |
| 31 | -0.262866 | 0.951056 | -0.162460 |
| 32 | 0.000000 | 1.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 33 | 0.000000 | 0.955423 | 0.295242 |
| 34 | -0.262866 | 0.951056 | 0.162460 |
| 35 | 0.238856 | 0.864188 | 0.442863 |
| 36 | 0.262866 | 0.951056 | 0.162460 |
| 37 | 0.500000 | 0.809017 | 0.309017 |
| 38 | 0.238856 | 0.864188 | -0.442863 |
| 39 | 0.262866 | 0.951056 | -0.162460 |
| 40 | 0.500000 | 0.809017 | -0.309017 |
| 41 | 0.850651 | 0.525731 | 0.000000 |
| 42 | 0.716567 | 0.681718 | 0.147621 |
| 43 | 0.716567 | 0.681718 | -0.147621 |
| 44 | 0.525731 | 0.850651 | 0.000000 |
| 45 | 0.425325 | 0.688191 | 0.587785 |
| 46 | 0.864188 | 0.442863 | 0.238856 |
| 47 | 0.688191 | 0.587785 | 0.425325 |
| 48 | 0.809017 | 0.309017 | 0.500000 |
| 49 | 0.681718 | 0.147621 | 0.716567 |
| 50 | 0.587785 | 0.425325 | 0.688191 |
| 51 | 0.955423 | 0.295242 | 0.000000 |
| 52 | 1.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 53 | 0.951056 | 0.162460 | 0.262866 |
| 54 | 0.850651 | -0.525731 | 0.000000 |
| 55 | 0.955423 | -0.295242 | 0.000000 |
| 56 | 0.864188 | -0.442863 | 0.238856 |
| 57 | 0.951056 | -0.162460 | 0.262866 |
| 58 | 0.809017 | -0.309017 | 0.500000 |
| 59 | 0.681718 | -0.147621 | 0.716567 |
| 60 | 0.850651 | 0.000000 | 0.525731 |
| 61 | 0.864188 | 0.442863 | -0.238856 |
| 62 | 0.809017 | 0.309017 | -0.500000 |
| 63 | 0.951056 | 0.162460 | -0.262866 |
| 64 | 0.525731 | 0.000000 | -0.850651 |
| 65 | 0.681718 | 0.147621 | -0.716567 |
| 66 | 0.681718 | -0.147621 | -0.716567 |
| 67 | 0.850651 | 0.000000 | -0.525731 |
| 68 | 0.809017 | -0.309017 | -0.500000 |
| 69 | 0.864188 | -0.442863 | -0.238856 |
| 70 | 0.951056 | -0.162460 | -0.262866 |
| 71 | 0.147621 | 0.716567 | -0.681718 |
| 72 | 0.309017 | 0.500000 | -0.809017 |
| 73 | 0.425325 | 0.688191 | -0.587785 |
| 74 | 0.442863 | 0.238856 | -0.864188 |
| 75 | 0.587785 | 0.425325 | -0.688191 |
| 76 | 0.688191 | 0.587785 | -0.425325 |
| 77 | -0.147621 | 0.716567 | -0.681718 |
| 78 | -0.309017 | 0.500000 | -0.809017 |
| 79 | 0.000000 | 0.525731 | -0.850651 |
| 80 | -0.525731 | 0.000000 | -0.850651 |
| 81 | -0.442863 | 0.238856 | -0.864188 |
| 82 | -0.295242 | 0.000000 | -0.955423 |
| 83 | -0.162460 | 0.262866 | -0.951056 |
| 84 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | -1.000000 |
| 85 | 0.295242 | 0.000000 | -0.955423 |
| 86 | 0.162460 | 0.262866 | -0.951056 |
| 87 | -0.442863 | -0.238856 | -0.864188 |
| 88 | -0.309017 | -0.500000 | -0.809017 |
| 89 | -0.162460 | -0.262866 | -0.951056 |
| 90 | 0.000000 | -0.850651 | -0.525731 |
| 91 | -0.147621 | -0.716567 | -0.681718 |
| 92 | 0.147621 | -0.716567 | -0.681718 |
| 93 | 0.000000 | -0.525731 | -0.850651 |
| 94 | 0.309017 | -0.500000 | -0.809017 |
| 95 | 0.442863 | -0.238856 | -0.864188 |
| 96 | 0.162460 | -0.262866 | -0.951056 |
| 97 | 0.238856 | -0.864188 | -0.442863 |
| 98 | 0.500000 | -0.809017 | -0.309017 |
| 99 | 0.425325 | -0.688191 | -0.587785 |
| 100 | 0.716567 | -0.681718 | -0.147621 |
| 101 | 0.688191 | -0.587785 | -0.425325 |
| 102 | 0.587785 | -0.425325 | -0.688191 |
| 103 | 0.000000 | -0.955423 | -0.295242 |
| 104 | 0.000000 | -1.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 105 | 0.262866 | -0.951056 | -0.162460 |
| 106 | 0.000000 | -0.850651 | 0.525731 |
| 107 | 0.000000 | -0.955423 | 0.295242 |
| 108 | 0.238856 | -0.864188 | 0.442863 |
| 109 | 0.262866 | -0.951056 | 0.162460 |
| 110 | 0.500000 | -0.809017 | 0.309017 |
| 111 | 0.716567 | -0.681718 | 0.147621 |
| 112 | 0.525731 | -0.850651 | 0.000000 |
| 113 | -0.238856 | -0.864188 | -0.442863 |
| 114 | -0.500000 | -0.809017 | -0.309017 |
| 115 | -0.262866 | -0.951056 | -0.162460 |
| 116 | -0.850651 | -0.525731 | 0.000000 |
| 117 | -0.716567 | -0.681718 | -0.147621 |
| 118 | -0.716567 | -0.681718 | 0.147621 |
| 119 | -0.525731 | -0.850651 | 0.000000 |
| 120 | -0.500000 | -0.809017 | 0.309017 |
| 121 | -0.238856 | -0.864188 | 0.442863 |
| 122 | -0.262866 | -0.951056 | 0.162460 |
| 123 | -0.864188 | -0.442863 | 0.238856 |
| 124 | -0.809017 | -0.309017 | 0.500000 |
| 125 | -0.688191 | -0.587785 | 0.425325 |
| 126 | -0.681718 | -0.147621 | 0.716567 |
| 127 | -0.442863 | -0.238856 | 0.864188 |
| 128 | -0.587785 | -0.425325 | 0.688191 |
| 129 | -0.309017 | -0.500000 | 0.809017 |
| 130 | -0.147621 | -0.716567 | 0.681718 |
| 131 | -0.425325 | -0.688191 | 0.587785 |
| 132 | -0.162460 | -0.262866 | 0.951056 |
| 133 | 0.442863 | -0.238856 | 0.864188 |
| 134 | 0.162460 | -0.262866 | 0.951056 |
| 135 | 0.309017 | -0.500000 | 0.809017 |
| 136 | 0.147621 | -0.716567 | 0.681718 |
| 137 | 0.000000 | -0.525731 | 0.850651 |
| 138 | 0.425325 | -0.688191 | 0.587785 |
| 139 | 0.587785 | -0.425325 | 0.688191 |
| 140 | 0.688191 | -0.587785 | 0.425325 |
| 141 | -0.955423 | 0.295242 | 0.000000 |
| 142 | -0.951056 | 0.162460 | 0.262866 |
| 143 | -1.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 144 | -0.850651 | 0.000000 | 0.525731 |
| 145 | -0.955423 | -0.295242 | 0.000000 |
| 146 | -0.951056 | -0.162460 | 0.262866 |
| 147 | -0.864188 | 0.442863 | -0.238856 |
| 148 | -0.951056 | 0.162460 | -0.262866 |
| 149 | -0.809017 | 0.309017 | -0.500000 |
| 150 | -0.864188 | -0.442863 | -0.238856 |
| 151 | -0.951056 | -0.162460 | -0.262866 |
| 152 | -0.809017 | -0.309017 | -0.500000 |
| 153 | -0.681718 | 0.147621 | -0.716567 |
| 154 | -0.681718 | -0.147621 | -0.716567 |
| 155 | -0.850651 | 0.000000 | -0.525731 |
| 156 | -0.688191 | 0.587785 | -0.425325 |
| 157 | -0.587785 | 0.425325 | -0.688191 |
| 158 | -0.425325 | 0.688191 | -0.587785 |
| 159 | -0.425325 | -0.688191 | -0.587785 |
| 160 | -0.587785 | -0.425325 | -0.688191 |
| 161 | -0.688191 | -0.587785 | -0.425325 |